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List of wars involving Egypt

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This is a list of wars involving the Arab Republic of Egypt and its predecessor states.

  Egyptian victory

  Egyptian defeat

  Another result*

*e.g. result unknown or indecisive/inconclusive, result of internal conflict inside Egypt, status quo ante bellum, or a treaty or peace without a clear result

Prehistoric Egypt (c. 6200-3100 BC)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Siege of Naqada (c. 3270 BC) Thinis Naqada Thinite victory Scorpion I Unknown,but in the thousands

king Taurus killed

Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100-2890 BC)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Upper Egypt victory Narmer ?
Egyptian expedition to Nubia First Dynasty of Egypt Nubian people Victory Hor-Aha ?
Egypto-Nubian conflict (c. 3100–3000 BC) First Dynasty of Egypt A-Group culture (Nubia) Victory
  • A-Group culture destroyed by the pharaohs of Egypt.[1]
  • Lower Nubia was not inhabited for centuries afterwards.[1]
Djer or Djet[2] ?
War of succession Horus Bird Sneferka inconclusive Hotepsekhemwy ?
War of the gods Khasekhemwy followers of the god Horus

followers of the god Set

Pharaoh victory
  • Lower and upper Egypt reunited
Khasekhemwy ?

Old Kingdom (c. 2686-2181 BC)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Egyptian Campaign in Nubia and Libya (c. 2600 BC)[3][4][5] Fourth Dynasty of Egypt Nubians

Libyans

Victory
  • Thousands of cattle and prisoners taken as spoils
Sneferu ?
Egyptian campaign in Nubia,Sinai and southern Canaan Sixth Dynasty of Egypt Nubians

Bedouins

Canaanites

Victory
  • a booty of men and goods was brought back to Egypt for presentation to the pharaoh
Pepi I Meryre ?

Middle Kingdom Period (c. 2055-1650 BC)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Reunification of Egypt Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt (Thebes) Tenth Dynasty of Egypt (Heracleopolis) Theban victory Mentuhotep II ?
Egyptian campaign in nubia Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt Nubia Victory
  • End of Nubian independence
Mentuhotep II ?
Expedition to Punt Eleventh dynasty of Egypt Land of Punt Victory
  • the region cleared of rebels
  • dug 12 wells for future expeditions
  • returned from Punt with many goods
Mentuhotep III ?
Egyptian Campaign in Lower Nubia (c. 1953 BC)[6] Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt Various peoples in Lower Nubia. Victory
  • Nubians defeated and Egyptian colonisation of Lower Nubia.
Senusret I ?
Egyptian Campaign in Nubia (c. 1870–1859 BC)[7] Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt Various Nubian peoples Victory
  • Nubians defeated and Egyptian expansion into Nubia.[8]
Senusret III ?
Egyptian Campaign in Canaan (Between c. 1880 and c. 1840 BC) Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt Shechem
Retjenu
Victory
  • Both Shechem and Retjenu defeated by Egypt.[9]
Senusret III ?

Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650-1550 BC)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Theban-Hyksos conflict Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt Hyksos Victory
  • fall of the Hyksos kingdom
  • Egypt invades Levantine territory and gains a bridgehead in the Levant
  • beginning of the new kingdom period
Seqenenre Tao, Kamose, Ahmose I ?

New Kingdom Period (c. 1550-1077 BC)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Egyptian compaigns in the Levant and Syria Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Asiatics Victory
  • Hundreds of cities destroyed
Ahmose I ?
Egyptian campaign in Nubia Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Nubians Victory
  • Nubian king killed by Thutmose I and hung from the prow of his ship
  • permanently extending the Egyptian military presence in Nubia
Thutmose I ?
Egyptian campaign in the Levant and Syria Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Canaanites

Naharin

Victory
  • Syrian princes declared allegiance to Thutmose
  • As many as 20 sites in the Levant suffered destruction
  • First time Egyptians ever crossed the Euphrates River
Thutmose I ?
Rebellions in Nubia Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Nubians rebels Victory
  • Nubian independence ended for 500 years
  • Nubia did not dare revolt as often as it had and was easily controlled by future Egyptian kings
Thutmose I ?
Nubian Rebellion Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Nubian rebels Victory
  • revolt easily crushed
Thutmose II ?
Egyptian conquest of Cyprus Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Cyprus Victory
  • Egyptian rule of Cyprus
  • Inhabitants forced to pay tribute
Thutmose III ?
Egyptian conquest of Punt[10] Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Punt Victory Thutmose III ?
Egyptian Campaign in the Levant (1458–1457 BC) Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Canaanites
Kadesh
Megiddo
Kingdom of Mitanni
Hurrians
Victory Thutmose III 4,000 at the Battle of Megiddo
Conquest of Syria Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Asiatics Victory
  • Many cities in Syria,jordan,Lebanon and Canaan taken
Thutmose III ?
Egyptian attack on Mitanni Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Mitanni Victory
  • Mitanni conquered with little resistance
  • Thutmose III went from city to city and pillaged them
Thutmose III ?
Egyptian campaign in Nubia Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt Nubia Victory
  • Expansion of the Egyptian empire
Thutmose III ?
Egyptian-Hittite conflict Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt Hittites inconclusive[12] Seti I, Ramses II ?
Sea Peoples' invasion of Egypt Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt Sea Peoples Victory
  • Egyptians defeat the Sea Peoples in two land and sea battles
  • invasion repelled
Ramses III ?

Late Period (c. 664-332 BC)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Reunification of Egypt Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt

Kingdom of Lydia

kinglets of the Dodecarchy

Libyan tribes

Neo-Assyrian Empire

Victory
  • in 654 BCE, Psamtik I was firmly in control of all Egypt
  • Fall of Ashdod
  • The capture of Ashdod may have effectively reflected part of the transfer of power from the crumbling Assyrian Empire to the new Egyptian 26th Dynasty
Psamtik I ?
Battle of Megiddo (609 BC) Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt Kingdom of Judah Victory Necho II Undetermined, but low
Egyptian Babylonian war Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt Neo-Babylonian Empire

Persians

Scythians

Medes

Victory
  • egyptian capture of Kummuh and Gaza
Necho II ?
Egyptian conquest of Cyprus Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt Cyprus Victory
  • Egyptian control over Cyprus
Amasis II ?

Ptolemaic Kingdom (310-30 BC)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
First Syrian War (274–271 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom Seleucid Empire Victory Ptolemy II Philadelphus ?
Chremonidean War (267–261 BC) Athens
Sparta
Ptolemaic Kingdom
Macedonia Defeat Ptolemy II Philadelphus ?
Second Syrian War (274–271 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom Seleucid Empire
Macedonia
Stalemate Ptolemy II Philadelphus ?
Third Syrian War (246–241 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom Seleucid Empire Stalemate
  • Loss of Cyclades to Seleucid Empire.
  • Ptolemaic kingdom awarded new territories in Syria, including Seleucia Pieria.
Ptolemy III Euergetes ?
Fourth Syrian War (219–217 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom Seleucid Empire Victory Ptolemy IV Philopator 2,200 at the Battle of Raphia
Upper Egyptian Revolt (204–196 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom Hugronaphor Ankhmakis Ptolemaic victory
  • The rebel leaders were taken to Memphis and publicly executed on 26 March 196 BC
Ptolemy V Epiphanes ?
Fifth Syrian War (202–195 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom Seleucid Empire
Macedonia
Defeat Ptolemy V Epiphanes ?
Sixth Syrian War (170–168 BC) Ptolemaic Kingdom
Roman Republic (168 BC)
Seleucid Empire Victory Ptolemy VIII Physcon ?
War of Actium (32–30 BC) Eastern Roman provinces
Ptolemaic Egypt

Western Roman provinces

Defeat

Rome annexes Egypt and control over eastern provinces reasserted

Cleopatra VII ?

Roman Egypt (30 BC – 641 AD)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Subjugation of upper Egypt Gaius Cornelius Gallus Rebels in Thebes Roman victory
  • Upper Egypt was brought under Roman control by force of arms
  • Cornelius established a protectorate over the southern frontier district
Augustus ?
Conquest of Arabia Petraea and Arabia Felix Gaius Aelius Gallus Nabataeans

Sabaeans[13]

Defeat
  • The campaign was successful in the beginning before the Roman army reached Arabia Felix
Augustus ?
Roman Campaign into the kingdom of kush Gaius Petronius Kingdom of Kush Victory Augustus ?
Siege of Jerusalem Roman Empire Jewish rebels Victory
  • Roman rule of Jerusalem restored
Titus ?
Diaspora Revolt Roman Empire
  • Local populations
Jewish rebels, primarily in: Roman victory
  • Ethnic cleansing of Jews in Egypt, Cyrenaica and Cyprus
  • Halt of further Roman expansion to the east
Trajan ?
Bucolic War Avidius Cassius Isidorus Roman victory
  • Native Fellahin led by Isidorus defeated the Roman garrison of Egypt and took over all of Egypt with the exception of Alexandria
  • Cassius managed to destroy the rebels by separating them from one another.
  • the beginning of Egypt's economic decline
Marcus Aurelius ?
Usurpation of Avidius Cassius Avidius Cassius

Gaius Calvisius Statianus

Titius Claudius Dryantianus Antonius

Publius Martius Verus

Herodes Atticus

Gaius Vettius Sabinianus

Inconclusive
  • When news of Aurelius' plans to invade reached Egypt, a centurion killed Cassius, and sent his head to Aurelius, who refused to see it, and ordered it buried
  • Aurelius was forced to withdraw from his campaign against the Iazyges, and end the Marcomannic War
Marcus Aurelius Avidius Cassius beheaded

Tulunid Emirate (868–905)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Ifriqiya campaign Aghlabid dynasty Tulunid dynasty Defeat
  • Al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun defeated the local Aghlabid governor, Muhammad ibn Qurhub, sacked the town of Labda, and marched on Tripoli
  • Despite initial victories,Abbas was defeated by Ilyas ibn Mansur al-Nafusi in winter 880/1
Ahmad ibn Tulun ?
Al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun’s usurpation Al-Abbas ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun Loyalist troops Loyalist victory
  • Abbas, with the remnants of his army, was defeated and captured outside Alexandria
  • Abbas was publicly paraded seated on a mule
  • Abbas was executed
  • Khumarawayh made heir in 882
Ahmad ibn Tulun Abbas was commanded to execute or mutilate the most prominent of his followers, who were held responsible for urging him to rebel, by gouging their eyes and cutting off their arms,he was later executed.
Tulunid-Abbasid conflict over the Levant Abbasid Caliphate Tulunid Emirate Tulunid victory Khumarawayh
Sa'd al-Aysar
?
Abbasid Caliphate invasion of Tulunid-controlled Syria and Egypt (904–905) Abbasid Caliphate Tulunid Emirate Defeat Harun ibn Khumarawayh

Shayban ibn Ahmad ibn Tulun

?

Abbasid Caliphate (905–935)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Tulunid loyalists rebblion Abbasid Caliphate Muhammad ibn Ali al-Khalanji Loyalist victory
  • The loyalist Egyptian army entered the city of Ramla in Palestine and defeated the Abbasid army there, whose leader was Wasif bin Sawartkin the Younger.
  • the Egyptian army reached Gaza and they were met by the Abbasid army stationed in Egypt The Egyptian army won a landslide victory, then moved towards Arish and defeated the Abbasid garrison there, then to Farma and defeated the Abbasids there
  • Abbasid governor of Egypt, Isa al-Nushari, prepared a very large army and met the Egyptian army at Bilbeis in Sharqia. There the Egyptians won another decisive victory, and the road to the Egyptian capital, Fustat, was opened
  • Revival of the Tulunid emirate
Al-Mu'tadid ?
Fall of the Tulunid emirate Abbasid Caliphate Tulunid Emirate Abbasid victory
  • The Egyptian army, led by Ibn al-Khalanji, was victorious in the Battle of al-Arish in the year 293 AH
  • Muhammad Ibn al-Khalanji defeated Fatik al-Mu'tadidi and his army more than once, but Ibn al-Khalanji was defeated at Beni Suef after valiant resistance
  • The Abbasids entered Fustat by land and sea and arrest Muhammad ibn Al-khalanji and his companions
Al-khalanji ?
Fatimid invasion of Egypt (914–915) Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Stalemate
  • Initial Fatimid success in Libya and western Egypt.
  • Fatimids pushed back after failed attempts to conquer the Egyptian capital Fustat.
  • al-Qa'im and the remnants of his army abandoned Alexandria and returned to Ifriqiya in May 915 after Abbasid reinforcements from Syria and Iraq under Mu'nis al-Muzaffar arrived to Egypt.
Al-Muqtadir 10,000 to 20,000 dead
Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921) Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Abbasid victory
  • Failure of the Fatimid invasion
Al-Muqtadir ?

Ikhshidid Emirate (935–969)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Rise of the Ikhshidid dynasty Muhammad ibn Tughj al-Ikhshid Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh

Fatimids

Ikhshidid Victory
  • Ibn Tughj's fleet took Tinnis and the Nile Delta.
  • Muhammad ibn Tughj entered Fustat on 26 August 935.
  • Ahmad ibn Kayghalagh fled to the Fatimids.
  • the Fatimid army's Kutama Berbers captured the island of al-Rawda on the Nile and burned its arsenal.
  • Ibn Tughj's admirals Ali ibn Badr and Bajkam defected to the Fatimids.
  • Alexandria captured by the Fatimids on March 936
  • Despite initial Fatimid success,on 31 March, Ibn Tughj's brother al-Hasan defeated the Fatimid forces near Alexandria, driving them out of the city and forcing the Fatimids to once again retreat from Egypt to their base at Barqa.
Al-Radi ?
Ikhshidid-Makurian conflict Ikhshidid Emirate Makuria Ikhshidid Victory Abu'l-Qasim Unujur ibn al-Ikhshid

Abu'l-Hasan Ali ibn al-Ikhshid Kafur al-Ikhshidi

?
Fatimid conquest of Egypt Ikhshidid dynasty Fatimid Caliphate Fatimid victory Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ali ?

Fatimid Caliphate (969–1171)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Persecution of the Druze Fatimid Caliphate Druze Inconclusive
  • The clashes ranged from Antioch to Alexandria, where tens of thousands of Druze were slaughtered by the Fatimid army.
  • The largest massacre was at Antioch, where 5,000 prominent Druze were killed, followed by that of Aleppo.
  • In 1038, two years after the death of al-Zahir, the Druze movement was able to resume because the new leadership that replaced him had friendly political ties with at least one prominent Druze leader.
Al-Zahir li-I'zaz Din Allah ?
Nizar’s rebellion Loyalists Nizar ibn al-Mustansir Loyalist Victory
  • Nizar's forces were placed under siege, until Nizar and his remaining followers were forced to surrender.
  • Nizar was immured and left to die
  • This marked the permanent split of the Isma'ili movement into the rival branches of Musta'li Isma'ilism and Nizari Isma'ilism
Al-Musta'li ?
First Crusade Muslim States
Seljuk Empire
Emirate of Rum
Danishmendids
Fatimid Caliphate

Crusader armies
Army of Raymond of Saint-Gilles
Army of Godfrey of Bouillon
Army of Robert Curthose
Army of Robert II of Flanders
Army of Hugh the Great
Armies of Bohemond of Taranto
Armies of the People's Crusade
Byzantine Empire

Crusader Victory Al-Musta'li 12,700 at least
Venetian Crusade Fatimid Caliphate
Seljuk Empire
Burid dynasty
Republic of Venice
Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Crusader Victory
  • Tyre captured by Jerusalem
Al-Amir bi-Ahkam Allah 4,000
Crusader invasion of Egypt (1163–1169)

 Fatimid Caliphate

Kingdom of Jerusalem
Byzantine Empire
County of Tripoli
Principality of Antioch
Knights Hospitaller
Knights Templar
Armenian Principality of Cilicia
French crusaders


Zengid dynasty

Zengid-Fatimid victory
  • Crusaders withdraw from Egypt
  • Fatimid-Crusader border changed
  • Later establishment of the Ayyubid dynasty

Zengids seize Egypt[15][16]

Al-Adid ?
Fatimid-Zengid conflict Kingdom of Jerusalem

Fatimid Caliphate

Zengid dynasty Peace treaty Al-Adid ?
Revolt of the Blacks Fatimid Caliphate
Black-African Elites of the Fatimid army
Fatimid Officials in Cairo
Pro-Fatimid citizens of Cairo
Ayyubids
Saladin's Syrian, Kurdish and Turkish forces
Ayyubid victory
  • Decline and later fall of the Fatimid Caliphate in 1171
  • Founding and Establishment of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt
Al-Adid ?

Ayyubid Sultanate (1171–1250)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Ayyubid conquest of North Africa Ayyubid dynasty

Banu Ghaniya

Almohad

Berbers tribes

Ayyubid Victory Saladin ?
Almohad reconquest of Ifriqiya Ayyubid dynasty

Banu Ghaniya

Almohad Defeat
  • The Almohad caliph Yaqub al-Mansur reconquered Ifriqiya from 1187 to 1188.
  • The Ayyubids made no further attempts to intervene in the Maghreb after this.
Saladin ?
Ayyubid conquest of Yemen and Hejaz Ayyubid dynasty Arab tribes

Hamdanid

Ayyubid Victory
  • In May 1174, Turan-Shah conquered Zabid and later that year captured Aden.
  • Ayyubids implemented a new tax which was collected by galleys.
  • Turan-Shah drove out the remaining Hamdanid rulers of Sana'a, conquering the mountainous city in 1175.
  • Uthman al-Zandjili, conquered the greater part of Hadramaut in 1180.
  • Saladin effectively established Egypt's hegemony in the region
Saladin ?
Ayyubid conquest of Syria and Upper Mesopotamia Ayyubid dynasty Zengid

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Knights Templar

Ayyubid Victory
  • Saladin gains the title of "Sultan of Egypt and Syria"
Saladin ?
Battle of Hattin Ayyubid Sultanate Kingdom of Jerusalem
County of Tripoli
Knights Templar
Principality of Antioch
Knights Hospitaller
Order of St. Lazarus
Order of Mountjoy
Ayyubid Victory Saladin ?
Third Crusade

(1189–1192)

Stalemate
  • Treaty of Jaffa
  • Crusader military Victory, resulting in a three-year truce. Acre, Philomelion, Iconium, Arsuf, and Jaffa all Crusader military victories.
  • Recognition of the territorial status quo at the end of active campaigning, including continued Muslim control of Jerusalem and the restoration of the Levantine to the Crusader States Crusader States.
  • The safety of both Christian and Muslim unarmed pilgrims guaranteed throughout the Levant.
  • The Crusader Captures Cyprus and the Kingdom of Cyprus is established
  • The Levantine coast from Tyre to Jaffa returned to Crusader control
  • The Crusaders recapture Tiberias and some inland territories from the Muslims
Saladin ?
Crusade of 1197

(1197–1198)

Ayyubids Indecisive Al-Aziz Uthman ?
Fifth Crusade

(1217–1221)

Muslim forces:

Crusaders:

Levant:

Military orders:

Ayyubid Victory
  • Eight-year truce between the Ayyubids and the Crusaders
Al-Kamil ?
Sixth Crusade

(1227–1229)

Ayyubids of Egypt
Ayyubids of Damascus
Holy Roman Empire
Teutonic Knights
Kingdom of Sicily
Crusaders victory Al-Kamil ?
Baron's Crusade

(1239–1241)

Ayyubids of Damascus

Ayyubids of Egypt

Kingdom of Jerusalem
French and Navarre crusaders
English crusaders
County of Habsburg
Crusader diplomatic success As-Salih Ayyub ?

Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Sultan Egyptian
losses
Seventh Crusade
(1248–1254)
Ayyubid Dynasty
Bahris
Kingdom of France
Kingdom of Jerusalem
Knights Templar
Knights Hospitaller
Kingdom of Navarre
Ayyubid victory Aybak ?
Battle of al-Kura (1251) Mamluks of Egypt Ayyubids of Syria Mamluk victory
  • Faris al-Din Aktay led an attack on Palestine and captured Gaza.
  • The Mamluks were able to stabilize their rule in Egypt, while the Ayyubids remained limited to Syria.
  • Through the mediation of Caliph al-Musta'sim, this situation was deepened in a contract between Damascus and Cairo in April 1253, and Gaza was also returned to An-Nasir Yusuf.
Aybak ?
Mongol invasions of the Levant
(1260–1323)
Mamluk Sultanate

Ayyubid remnants
Nizari Ismailis of Syria
Golden Horde (after 1264)
Karamanid rebels
Abbasids

Mamluk victory
  • Mongols temporarily conquer parts of Levant until repelled by the Mamluk Sultanate
Qutuz ?
Mamluk expeditions to the Levant and Anatolia (1265 – 1277) Mamluk Sultanate Cilician Armenia

Knights Templar

Ilkhanate

County of Tripoli

Isma'ili Shia Assassins

Victory
  • Baybars launched expeditions against the Crusader fortresses throughout Syria, capturing Arsuf in 1265, and Halba and Arqa in 1266.
  • Baybars pillages numerous Armenian villages.
  • Baybars captured Safed from the Knights Templar, and shortly after, Ramla, both cities in interior Palestine.
  • In 1268, the Mamluks captured Jaffa before conquering the Crusader stronghold of Antioch.
  • In 1271, Baybars captured the major Krak des Chevaliers fortress from the Crusader County of Tripoli
  • In 1277, Baybars launched an expedition against the Ilkhanids, routing them in Elbistan in Anatolia, but withdrew to avoid overstretching his forces and risk being cut off from Syria by a larger incoming Ilkhanid army.
Baybars ?
Baybars’s expedition to the Horn of Africa(1265–1276) Mamluk Sultanate Kingdom of Makuria

Kingdom of al-Abwab

Victory
  • In 1265, the Mamluks invaded northern Makuria, forcing the Nubian king to become their vassal.
  • Baybars conquers the Red Sea areas of Suakin and the Dahlak Archipelago.
  • In 1268, the Makurian king, David I, overthrew the Mamluks' vassal and in 1272, raided the Mamluk Red Sea port of Aydhab.
  • In 1276, the Mamluks defeated King David of Makuria in the Battle of Dongola and installed their ally Shakanda as king. This brought the fortress of Qasr Ibrim under Mamluk suzerainty.
  • The Mamluks received the submission of King Adur of al-Abwab further south.
Baybars ?
Fall of Outremer (1268–1302)

 Mamluk Sultanate
Order of Assassins

 Kingdom of Jerusalem
 Kingdom of Cyprus
 Principality of Antioch
 Ilkhanate
 Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
Georgian Bagratids
Tyre
Templars Hospitallers Teutonic Knights
 Kingdom of France
 Kingdom of England
 Kingdom of Sicily


 Byzantine Empire

Victory
  • The Mamluks capture all Crusade possessions in the Holy Land
Baibars

Qalawun

Khalil

Al-Nasir Muhammad

?
Ninth Crusade
(1271–1272)

 Ilkhanate

Inconclusive
Alexandrian Crusade
(1365)
Mamluk Sultanate Defeat
  • The Cypriots controlled the city for 3 days and then abandoned it
Al-Ashraf Sha'ban ?
Mamluk campaigns against Cyprus
(1424–1426)
Mamluk Sultanate  Kingdom of Cyprus Victory
  • Cyprus becomes a tributary state
Barsbay ?
Ottoman–Mamluk War
(1485–1491)
Mamluk Sultanate

Supported By:
Vasak tribe
Turgudlu tribe

Ottoman Empire Victory Qaitbay ?
Mamluk-Portuguese War
(1505–1517)
Mamluk Sultanate
Supported by:
 Republic of Venice
Kingdom of Calicut
Ottoman Empire
Portuguese Empire Defeat
  • Portuguese dominance of most of the Indian ocean secured.[18][19][20]
  • The Mamluk Sultanate becomes financially crippled.[21]
  • Failed Portuguese invasion of the Red Sea.[22]
  • The Portuguese assert dominance over most of the Indian ocean region and the spice trade.[18]
Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri ?
Mamluk-Tahirid war

(1515–1517)

Mamluk Sultanate Tahirid Sultanate Victory
  • The entire Tahirid realm fell under the Mamluks with the exception of Aden
  • Mamluk fleet sets up a tributary regime in Zabid
?
Ottoman–Mamluk War
(1516–1517)
Ottoman Empire
Mamluk rebels
Ottoman victory ?
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Egyptian
losses
Fraser Expedition
(1807)
Egypt Egypt Eyalet United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom Victory Muhammad Ali of Egypt ?
Egyptian–Saudi War
(1811–1818)
Victory 8,000 casualties[23]
Egyptian conquest of Sudan

(1820–1824)

 Egypt Sennar Sultanate
Shayqih Kingdom
Sultanate of Darfur
Victory ?
Greek War of Independence
(1821–1829)
 Ottoman Empire Greek Revolutionaries After 1822:
Diplomatic support:
Greek victory

Independence of Greece

over 8,000[25]
First Egyptian–Ottoman War
(1831–1833)
Egypt
Supported by:
Shihab dynasty
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
 Russian Empire (1833)
Victory
Ottoman-Ethiopian border conflicts
(1832–1848)
Ottoman Empire Ethiopian Empire Inconclusive ?
Expedition to Najd (1836)
(1836)
Ottoman Empire Emirate of Najd Victory
  • Mehmet Ali occupies Najd, al-Hasa and Qatif and gains the submission of Bahrain, Qatar and Trucial Oman
?
1838 Druze revolt
(1838)
Egypt Eyalet

Shihab's forces supported by:

  • Anaza tribe
  • Wuld Ali tribe
  • Sulut tribe of Laja (since March 1838)
Druze clans

supported by:

  • Sulut tribe of Laja (until March 1838)
  • Maydan quarter of Damascus
Victory
  • Revolt suppressed
  • Peace agreement signed
  • Egyptian rule restored
  • Druze exempted from conscriptions
~400[26]
Second Egyptian–Ottoman War
(1839–1841)
Ottoman Egypt Egypt
Allies:
 France
Spain
Ottoman Empire Ottoman Empire
Allies:
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland United Kingdom
Austrian Empire Austria
Russian Empire Russia
Kingdom of Prussia Prussia
Defeat 1,100+
Crimean War
(1853–1856)
 Ottoman Empire
 France[a]
 United Kingdom[a]
Kingdom of Sardinia Sardinia[b]
 Russia
 Greece[c]
Victory Abbas I of Egypt ?
Cretan revolt
(1866–1869)

Egypt

Greek Revolutionaries
Supported by:
Kingdom of Greece
Victory
  • Suppression of the revolt
Isma'il Pasha 1,333
Ethiopian–Egyptian War
(1874–1876)
Egyptian Empire  Ethiopia Ethiopian victory 13,000+[27]
Egyptian invasion of the Eastern Horn of Africa

(1874–1885)

Khedivate of Egypt Oromo
Emirate of Harar
Sultanate of Aussa

Afran Qallo

Victory ?
Serbian–Turkish Wars
(1876–1878)
Serbian victory ?
Russo-Turkish War
(1877–1878)
Defeat ?
‘Urabi Revolt
(1879–1882)
 United Kingdom ʻUrabilist forces Defeat of ‘Urabi Tewfik of Egypt 2,250[31]
Mahdist War
(1881–1899)
 Mahdist State Victory 13,102[37][38][39]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Egyptian
losses
World War I
(1914–1918)
Allied Powers:
 and Empire:

and others ...

Central Powers:

and others ...

Victory
Hussein Kamel 14,763+
Anglo-Egyptian Darfur Expedition
(1916)
Victory
  • Darfur becomes a province of Sudan
5
Egyptian Revolution
(1918-1919)
 Britain Egyptian protesters Egyptian victory Fuad I 800

Kingdom of Egypt (1919–1953)

[edit]
Conflict Combatant 1 Combatant 2 Results Head of State Egyptian
losses
World War II
(1939–1945)
 Soviet Union
 United States
 United Kingdom
 China
France France
Poland Poland
 Yugoslavia
 Greece
 Netherlands
 Belgium
 Luxembourg
 Denmark
 Norway
 Czechoslovakia
 Canada
 Australia
Egypt Kingdom of Egypt
 New Zealand
 India
 South Africa
Philippines
Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia
Brazil Brazil
 Mexico
Mongolian People's Republic Mongolia
 Germany
 Japan
 Italy
 Hungary
 Romania
 Bulgaria
 Slovakia
 Croatia
 Finland
 Iraq
 Thailand
Victory Farouk I 1,125[41]

Abdeen Palace incident
(1942)

Egypt Kingdom of Egypt

 United Kingdom Defeat
First Arab–Israeli War
(1948–1949)
Egypt Kingdom of Egypt
Kingdom of Iraq
Holy War Army
Jordan Emirate of Transjordan
Syria Republic of Syria

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Kingdom of North Yemen
Republic of Lebanon
Arab League Arab Liberation Army

 Israel Defeat 1,161-
2,000[42]
Egyptian Revolution
(1952)
Egypt Kingdom of Egypt Egypt Free Officers Free Officers' Victory 2

Republic of Egypt (1953–1958)

[edit]
Conflict Egypt
and allies
Opponents Results Head of State Minister of
Defense
Egyptian
losses
Military Civilians
Suez Crisis
(1956)
Egypt Republic of Egypt  Israel
United Kingdom
 France
Inconclusive

Coalition military victory[43][44][45]
Egyptian political victory[43]

  • Anglo-French withdrawal from the Suez Canal following international pressure (December 1956)
  • Israeli occupation of Sinai (until March 1957)
  • UNEF demilitarized zone established
  • End of Britain's role as a Superpower
Gamal Abdel Nasser Abdel Hakim Amer 1,650–
3,000
~1,000

United Arab Republic (1958–1971)

[edit]
Conflict Egypt
and allies
Opponents Results Head of State Minister of
Defense
Egyptian
losses
Military Civilians
North Yemen Civil War
(1962–1967)
 Yemen Arab Republic
United Arab Republic United Arab Republic
 Kingdom of Yemen
 Saudi Arabia
Stalemate Gamal Abdel Nasser Abdel Wahab el-Beshry 26,000 dead[46] None
Sand War
(1963)
 Algeria
United Arab Republic United Arab Republic
 Morocco Stalemate
  • The closing of the border south of Figuig
Unknown None
Six-Day War
(1967)
United Arab Republic United Arab Republic
 Syria
 Jordan
Iraq Iraq
 Lebanon
 Israel Defeat Shams Badran 9,800–15,000 killed or missing[47][48] Unknown
War of Attrition
(1967–1970)
United Arab Republic United Arab Republic
Soviet Union Soviet Union
PLO
 Jordan
 Israel Both sides claimed victory Mohamed Fawzi 2,882[49]–10,000[50]
Nigerian Civil War
(1967–1970)
 Nigeria
United Arab Republic United Arab Republic
 Biafra Victory (Limited Involvement) Unknown None

Arab Republic of Egypt (1971–present)

[edit]
Conflict Egypt
and allies
Opponents Results Head of State Minister of
Defense
Egyptian
losses
Military Civilians
Yom Kippur War
(1973)
Federation of Arab Republics

Iraq Iraq
 Jordan
 Algeria
Morocco Morocco
 Saudi Arabia
 Cuba
 North Korea[51][52]

 Israel Defeat[53] (Strategic Political Gains)[54] Anwar Sadat Ahmad Ismail Ali 5,000[56]–15,000[57] dead Unknown
Shaba I
(1977)
 Zaire
 Morocco
Egypt
FNLC Victory
  • FNCL expelled from Katanga
Mohamed el-Gamasy None None
Egyptian–Libyan War
(1977)
Egypt Egypt Libya Ceasefire ~100 Unknown
Egyptian conscripts riot
(1986)
Egyptian Army Central Security Forces Egyptian Army Victory
  • Riot suppressed
  • Mubarak regime promised to overhaul the force by raising its entry standards, increasing payment and bettering living conditions in their camps
Hosni Mubarak Abd Al-Halim Abu-Ghazala 107[58] None
Gulf War
(1990–1991)
 Kuwait
United States
 United Kingdom
 Saudi Arabia
 France
 Canada
 Egypt
 Syria
 Morocco
 Oman
 Qatar
 Australia
Iraq Victory Youssef Sabri Abu Taleb 11[59][60] None
War on terror
(2001–present)



(note: most contributing nations are included in the international operations)

Afghan Taliban (until 2021)
Pakistani Taliban
Former groups:
Ongoing
  • Ongoing conflict
Mohamed Tantawi ? ?
2011 Egyptian revolution
(2011)
Egypt Pro-Government: Egypt Opposition Groups: Pro-Government Victory * During revolution: 846[82][83]
Sinai Insurgency
(2011–2023)
 Egypt
 Israel
 United Arab Emirates
Islamic State Islamic State Ongoing
  • Ongoing Conflict
Mohamed Tantawi 3,277 killed (2013-2022)
12,280 Injured (2013–2022)[85]
1,539+ Egyptian,[86][87] 219 Russians, 4 Ukrainians, 1 Belarusian,[88] 3 South Koreans,[89] 3 Vietnamese, 2 Germans,[90] 1 Croatian[91]
2013 Egyptian coup d'état
(2013)
Egyptian Government

Muslim Brotherhood


Egypt Pro-Morsi protesters


Supported by:
 Turkey
 Qatar
 Jordan

Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Supreme Council of the Armed Forces Victory

President Mohamed Morsi deposed by the Egyptian army

Mohamed Morsi Abdel Fattah al-Sisi 1,150+[93][94]
Second Libyan Civil War
(2015–2020)
 Libya
 Egypt
 United Arab Emirates
Libya GNC
Shura Council
Islamic State Islamic State
Victory (limited involvement) Abdel Fattah el-Sisi Sedki Sobhi None 21
Intervention In Yemen
(2015–)
Yemen Hadi government
 Saudi Arabia
 United Arab Emirates
 Senegal
 Sudan
 Qatar
 Bahrain
 Kuwait
 Jordan
 Morocco
 Egypt
 France
Yemen Revolutionary Council Ongoing
  • Houthis dissolve Yemeni government.
  • Houthis take control of northern Yemen.
None None

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b From 1854
  2. ^ From 1855
  3. ^ Until 1854
  4. ^ The Russian Empire during 1914–1917, the Russian Republic during 1917. The Bolshevik government signed a separate peace with the Central Powers shortly after their armed seizure of power, resulting in a Central Powers victory on the Eastern Front of the war, and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic's defeat. However, this peace treaty was nullified by an Allied Powers victory on the Western Front, and the end of the war.

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Sources

[edit]


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